Principles Of Implementing Duty Essay Example for Free

Principles Of Implementing Duty Essay 1. Explain what it means to have a duty of care in own work role Duty of care is a requirement that a person act toward others and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would. If a persons actions do not meet this standard of care, then the acts are considered negligent, and any damages resulting may be claimed in a lawsuit for negligence 2. Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals Duty of care contributes to the safeguarding of individuals because as a social care worker you are responsible to; Recognise physical, emotional and psychological needs of individuals by understanding what is required for health and well-being, to observe and record ‘indicators’ of differences and changes and to show empathy and support. Anticipate danger and manage risks by carrying out assessments, avoiding hazards and carrying out health and safety checks Intervene and support in the event of illness and injury by carrying out first aid, seek help or advice, communicate with health professionals and relatives and report to appropriate authority 3. Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individual’s rights Sometimes individuals may want to do something which could be a risk to their Health and safety. As a care assistant you have a duty of care to that person and you must do all that you can to keep them safe but you also have a duty to respect the individual’s rights and choice, so you have a dilemma. It could be that the individual no longer wishes to use her walking frame,  but her care plan states that she needs it to move from place to place and you are to ensure you encourage its use. In this scenario you could carry out a risk assessment to ensure that it is managed as safely as possible. You would need to explain the risks involved to the individual and make sure they understand. You could come to a compromise, to use a stick for a while instead, to see how they managed, then monitor the situation. All this should be documented including any risk assessment carried out. If the individual still insists on walking unaided you should get them to sign to say they are aware of the risks involved. 4. Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individual’s rights and the duty of care There are many ways to manage risks associated with conflicts and dilemmas: Allowing individuals to explore with guidance, Making individuals aware of potential hazards and dangers, Allowing individuals to acquire life skills through learning how to cope with risky situations, Staff ignorance, Parents are a risk to staff if reported to social services. 5. Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas Colleagues the person’s family and friends GP Care professionals Advocates Union official Regulators 6. Describe how to respond to complaints listening to the complaint giving the complainant time and respect recording the information reporting to a senior member of staff accessing the Complaints Policy ensuring the complainant has access to the Complaints Policy ensuring the complainant knows what will happen next. Responding to complaints, whether made by a parent or a staff colleague, you should always keep professional and listen to what the person has to say. You should keep calm and by being respectful and apologising when necessary which helps to diffuse potential conflict. Complaints need to be resolved as quickly as possible and constructively to avoid creating a bad atmosphere for all those involved. When responding to a complaint, it is important to listen to the other person’s point of view. You should avoid making personal comments and focus on the facts throughout. Always apologise if you are wrong and explain how you will resolve the situation. 7. Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints The Complaints policy is a recorded and documented procedure that is available. The complainant is listened to and respected. The Complaints Policy is time-based and the complaint is dealt with in a documented time-frame. Complaints are normally dealt with by nominated members of staff. The procedure is clear If a member of staff or a parent wishes to make a complaint they should discuss their complaint with the setting leader first where most complaints can be resolved quickly. If the parent or member of staff is not happy with the outcome they should then put their complaint in writing to the setting leader who can then pass the details onto the owner or chairperson of a committee run setting. The setting will look into the complaint and once they have come to a conclusion the setting leader can arrange a meeting with the person who made the complaint to discuss the outcome. If the person is still not happy with the outcome they can ask for a further meeting with the setting leader and the owner or chairperson where they can also invite a representative. They can then all meet up to try and come to a conclusion.  Everything at this meeting will be noted and recorded. If the complaint can still not be resolved at this meeting then a further meeting can be made where an external mediato r is invited.

Barriers to Prostate Cancer Screening

Barriers to Prostate Cancer Screening Prostate Cancer: A Man’s Dilemma Afzal Hussain Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Canadian men. In 2013, the Canadian Cancer Society estimated that 23,600 men will be diagnosed with cancer; a further 3,900 will die from the disease in Canada (Canadian Cancer Society, 2014). The prostate is part of the male reproductive system; it surrounds the urethra (tube that carries urine and semen through the penis). Prostate Cancer Canada (2014) states, â€Å"Prostate cancer is a disease where some prostate cells have lost normal control of growth and division. They no longer function as healthy cells (Prostate Cancer Canada). Potential barriers to screening includes socioeconomic status, lack of health care, culture, and false experiences of medical treatments. These barriers and other misunderstandings of the causes of prostate cancer impede the process for early screening further delaying early diagnosis and treatment. This paper explores socioeconomic status, race, fear, and sexual function as perceived barriers to prostate screening; it also identifies strategies that promote successful screening and eventual recovery. Canadian Cancer Society in their statistical report of 2013 reports, â€Å"Prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 50, most of the deaths associated with prostate cancer are found in men older than 75 years. Canadian males are more likely to develop prostate cancer, with 1 in 7 males expected to be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. On average, 65 Canadian men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer every day. On average, 11 Canadian men will die of prostate c ancer every day. (CCS) Socioeconomic Status Better survival is a testimony to the advances in research and treatment, but improving survival and reducing prostate cancer diagnosis is more resourceful to a better quality of life. Treatments and technological advancements in diagnosis and medications have transformed survival rates in cancer tremendously. Despite the overall improvement in survivorship in prostate cancer patients, socioeconomic inequalities in survival of prostate cancer patients remains a constant challenge in healthcare. Most men diagnoses with prostate cancer are at high risk, mainly because of their low socioeconomic status, unemployment, lack of education and inability to afford health care services. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, Care without Coverage: Too Little, Too late states that, â€Å"People without health insurance often go without appropriate care. For example, the uninsured more often go without cancer screening tests, delaying diagnosis and leading to premature death. † (Institut e of Medicine [IOM], 2002) In Canada, a fragment of the population lives on social assistance and cannot afford quality health care services, these â€Å"disadvantaged people† faces many health challenges and are at high risk for health issues. Residents faced with these challenges find it harder to have prostate cancer screenings despite doing their best to facilitate socioeconomic changes in their life. Fortunately, in Canada, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) provide prostate screening to low income citizens who cannot afford the screening. One such organization in Calgary, Prostate Cancer Centre has been a model of excellence in this service to the community. However, in Alberta, Quebec, and British Columbia, prostate screenings is not medically covered by provincial health plans. Therefore, men persuing screening will have to pay out of his pocket or will incur charges through his health plan. Crawford (2010) in her online news article states, â€Å"The PSA test has been used as a widespread screening tool since the mid-1990s, but has been dogged by controversy. While seven provinces pay any man to get tested, B.C., Alberta and Quebec do not, unless there are risk factors such as a family history of the disease (Crawford, 2010). This clearly shows the partial distribution in persuing health care services within Canada. Jamuir, Robinson Shavers (2008) found that, â€Å" Underinsurance is of particular concern for racial/ethnic minorities, who are more likely than others to report having difficulties paying medical bills despite having medical insurance coverage16 and it may contribute to the lower rates of cancer screening observed for these groups.(p. 843). Patients having the privilege of an extended private insurance coverage feel a sense of economic security. The real question is what is the case with the ordinary person without any coverage? Someone with a minimal wage and/or without coverage may feel the pangs of hopelessness, neglect, and long-term suffering. This disadvantage stems from differences in the receipt of treatment and access to high-quality healthcare treatment presented with low economic status. Furthermore, considering the imbalance between economic classes in regards to access to prostate screening, it is viable to suggest a level playing field where screening should be available to all men, despite their income status or health care coverage especially considering the Canadian Cancer Society reports on new instances of the disease annually. Also reducing the cost/payments for screening will be a significant boost for uninsured patients, because patients can express greater satisfaction of having the screening done despite having a low-income status. Another important strategy is to make sure that an all-accessible approach towards this screening, where men can afford the screening despite not having enough income or insurance coverage, in doing so having the satisfaction of economic security. Race In their research titled â€Å"Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Survival among Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer White, Coker, Du, Eggleston Williams (2011) found that, â€Å"Racial/ethnic disparities in prostate cancer survival have also been documented in the literature, and can be attributed to differences in socioeconomic status (p. 1080). In Canada, race is also a key risk factor for prostate cancer; it is prevalent in people of (Black African or Black Caribbean descent) who are at increased risk compared to white Canadians due to their genetic disposition, family history of prostate cancer, or age. Brooks (2013) states,† Black men are 60% more likely than white men to be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime, and is more than twice as likely to die from the disease. † (Brooks, 2013). Furthermore, besides ethnicity and age, numerous other factors contribute to prostate cancer. Canadian blacks are also higher risk due to the prevalence of comorbidities and heavy smoking or alcohol intake. These risk factors are common in Caribbean culture where people tend to take their health and lifestyle habits less seriously compared to North American culture. Despite the largest improvement in medication and technology Blacks remains a high risk of prostate cancer and is twice, more likely to be affected and die from the disease compared to whites. Having support groups plays a significant role in times of stress, especially when faced with a disease like prostate cancer. Establishing family networks and religious beliefs will offer a strong support base, especially when the patient is making health-related decisions that will establish his future life. Oster, Hedestig, Johansson, Klingstedt Lindh (2012) states, â€Å" Conversational group support can help men to realize that it is normal to experience mixed emotions including sadness, anger, or despair over losses c aused by the disease, and such interventions have shown improvements in anxiety, depression, men’s abilities to cope with the situation, and their quality of life.† (p.332) Fear. Many patients are afraid of prostate cancer screenings. With the increased amount of prostate cancer, patients diagnosed each year; countless men are still avoiding screening tests because it makes them uncomfortable with the results. This emotional and defensive action stems from the lack of independent knowledge patients have about the screening and the cancer itself. Presenting fear towards prostate screening changes the overall attitude towards treatment. This fear could provide a negative response to treatment. By expressing elevated levels of fear, a patient will be denied access to treatment and further delayed interventions, which may evolve into an advanced stage of the cancer. Furthermore, a patient presenting minimal levels of fear will be motivated to peruse screening, leading to an eventual diagnosis. Male patients are also hesitant to take screenings for prostate cancer due to many misconceptions, many believe the cause of their disease is due to sexual promiscuity or sexual orientation, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and unhealthy lifestyle attributed to alcohol and smoking. Consedine, Adjei, Ramirez McKiernan (2008) found in their research, â€Å" The high incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer among African American and other men of African descent may be expected to be reflected in elevated anxieties surrounding prostate cancer and the associated screening in these men. African Americans report greater fear of prostate cancer and screening, particularly for the Digital Rectal Examination (DRE). When applying these findings to advance nurse practitioners’ practices, it can be said that men in the high-risk groups must first be educated on the risks of prostate cancer (p. 1631). In preparing a patient for prostate screening, it is wise for the nurse to engage in careful planning and use best nursing practice while encouraging the patient to participate in screening thus eradicating some of his fear. Education on the risk of prostate cancer should be distributed among high-risk group. Patients in this group need to understand the implications of non-screening. One good nursing approach is the application of â€Å"change talk†, an important concept of motivational interviewing; the nurse will carefully implement strong concepts on why the patient should be screened, carefully supported with strong evidence of the clinical benefits. Apodaca, Magill, Longabaugh, Jackson Monti (2013) state, â€Å"more change talk predicted better outcomes, whereas more sustain talk predicted poorer outcomes† (P.35). Another important strategy to improve accordance to screening is through programs/ advertisements, which opens awareness of prostate cancer about the ge neral male public over 50 years of age. Proper media coverage will enhance the importance of the disease, the causative agents, and the importance of screening for a wider public. It will also help patients to self-reflect on their lifestyle and make progression towards health interventions. Himelboim, and Han (2014), in their research on Community Structure and Information Sources in Breast and Prostate Cancer Social Networks found that, â€Å" the past decade has witnessed a phenomenal growth in the use of the Internet—especially social media—in health care and management. From the user side, this means more opportunities to connect with others, obtain needed health information from available sources, and potentially benefit from that information (p. 211) Sexual Function. Prostate cancer will have an effect on the sex life of many prostate cancer patients. Most men affected by prostate cancer will develop erectile dysfunction after diagnosis. Men will also lose interest in sex and will have difficulty maintaining an erectile penis or performing penetrative sex. Beck, Robinson, Carlson (2013) found in their research that, â€Å" Sexual dysfunction is the most significant long lasting effect of prostate cancer (PrCa) treatment, despite the many medical treatments for erectile dysfunction, many couples report that they are dissatisfied with their sexual relationship and eventually cease sexual relations altogether. (p. 1637). Because one of the risk factors of prostate cancer is age, it is important to point out that many patients because of impotence may have already contacted symptoms of erectile dysfunction prior to developing prostate cancer. Treatment also plays an important role in the outcome of sexual functioning in patients, if patients are tolerable and react to the proper treatment regimen, the likelihood of sexual dysfunction will be minimized, and sexual urge will remain normal and intact. The stage of cancer also identifies the outcome of sexual functioning and the ability to deal with sensual life post surgery. Early screening can help a patient to identify possible malignant cancerous cells; it also can be helpful in managing impotency. Sex after diagnosis can be dreadful for various partners, especially when sexual desires may be minimal or much diminished. It may also dampen any chances for future families wanting to have kids in the distant future. A patient with impotence may consider sexual counselling by a sexologist to diminish any fears of sex. Chung Brock (2013) in their research states, â€Å"Sexual function remains an important issue in many men, who often continue to be interested in sex after pr ostate cancer treatment. It has been shown that the impact of sexual dysfunction is greater than the impact of urinary incontinence and over 70% of men felt their quality of life was adversely affected following cancer diagnosis and treatment † (p. 103). Participation in prostate cancer support groups helps patients to better be educated on sexual life after prostate cancer, just as support groups are helpful to eradicate the fear on early screenings, these groups will prepare patients on the trials of sexual intimacy after recovery, also providing coping mechanism for sexual dysfunction. Another strategy to cast away fears of sexual dysfunction is to promote sexual preferences amongst partners, which may bring a sense of satisfaction to both partners. Conclusion Prostate cancer patients continue to suffer from many dilemmas. Patients are continually faced with barriers to cancer care, which impede screening and treatment. Socioeconomic status, race, fear, and sexual function are all contributory factors in a patient dilemma when intrigued with tribulation of prostate cancer. Despite all the technological advancements, prostate cancer remains high in Black African or Black Caribbean descent compared to white males in Canada. Decision-making process when considering prostate cancer screening is influenced greatly by socioeconomic status, race, fear, and sexual dysfunction. These beliefs often result in a lower rate of compliance of prostate screenings. By establishing strategies to promote care for patients, the said barriers can be eradicated making treatment and recovery possible. Support groups, non-governmental organizations, media, and better insurance coverage for low-income families can all be used to effectively promote successful pros tate screenings thus eradicating social inequality, racial and sexual barriers and increasing compliance through educating prostate patients’ ways to address these barriers. Effective strategies will help to decrease morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer in Canada. References Apodaca, T. R., Magill, M., Longabaugh, R., Jackson, K. M., Monti, P. M. (2013). Effect of a significant other on client change talk in motivational interviewing. Consult Clinical Psychology, 81(1), 35-46. doi: 10.1037/a0030881 Beck, A., Robinson, J., Carlson, L. (2013). Sexual Values as the Key to Maintaining Satisfying Sex after Prostate Cancer Treatment: The Physical Pleasure–Relational Intimacy Model of Sexual Motivation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42 (8), 1637-1647. Brooks, D. (2013). Why are black men negatively affected by prostate cancer more than white men? Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/expertvoices/post/2013/09/24/why-are-black-men-negatively-affected-by-prostate-cancer-more-than-white-men.aspx Canada Cancer Society. (2014). Canada Cancer Statistics 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer information/cancer101/Canadian cancer statistics/canadian-cancer-statistics-2013-EN.pdf. Canada Cancer Society. (2014). Prostate Cancer Statistics. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/prostate/statistics/?region. Chung, E., Brock, G. (2013). Sexual Rehabilitation and Cancer Survivorship: A State of Art Review of Current Literature and Management Strategies in Male Sexual Dysfunction among Prostate Cancer Survivors. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10102-111. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.03005.xginger Consedine, N. S., Adjei, B. A., Ramirez, P. M., McKiernan, J. M. (2008). An Object Lesson: Source Determines the Relations That Trait Anxiety, Prostate Cancer Worry, and Screening Fear Hold with Prostate Screening Frequency. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention, 17(7), 1631-1639. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2538 Crawford, T. (2008). Prostate test a lifesaver with surveillance: equally important is the right course of treatment. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from: http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Prostate+test+life+saver+with+surveillance/3588621/story.html Himelboim, I., Han, J. Y. (2014). Cancer talk on twitter: community structure and information sources in breast and prostate cancer social networks. Journal of Health Communication, 19(2), 210-225. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2013.811321 Institute of Medicine. (2002). Care without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from: http://www.iom.edu/reports/2002/care-without-coverage-too-little-too-late.aspx Oster, I., Hedestig, O., Johansson, M., Klingstedt, N., Lindh, J. (2012). Sharing experiences in a support group: Mens talk during the radiotherapy period for prostate cancer. Palliative Supportive Care, 11(4), 331-339. Prostate Cancer Canada (2014). What is prostate cancer? Retrieved February 18, 2014, from: http://www.prostatecancer.ca/Prostate-Cancer/About-Prostate-Cancer/What-is-prostate-cancer#.UxQQK4WmbIk. Robinson, J., Shavers, V. (2008). The Role of Health Insurance Coverage in Cancer Screening Utilization. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 19(3), 842-856. White, A., Coker, A., Du, X., Eggleston, K., Williams, M. (2011). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Survival Among Men Diagnosed With Prostate Cancer in Texas. Cancer, 117 (5), 1080-1088.

Red Bull Energy Drink Essay -- Business Marketing Case Study, solution

Red Bull is an energy drink that doesn’t do well in taste tests. Some say it’s too sweet. Others just shake their heads, saying, â€Å"No.† Its contents are not patented, and all the ingredients are listed on the outside of the slim silver can. Yet Red Bull has a 70 to 90 percent market share in over 100 countries worldwide. During the past 15 years, the drink has been copied by more than 100 competitors, but such companies as Coca-Cola and Anheuser-Busch have been unable to take market share away from Red Bull. Says Red Bull founder Dietrich Mateschitz, â€Å"If we don’t create the market, it doesn’t exist.† Mateschitz’s secret to creating a $1.6 billion worldwide stampede for Red Bull lies in a highly ingenious â€Å"buzz-marketing† strategy that herds consumers to exclusive and exciting events that get high media coverage. Red Bull supports close to 500 world-class extreme sports athletes that compete in spectacular and often record-breaking events across the globe. Mateschitz explains, â€Å"We don’t bring the product to the consumer, we bring consumers to the product.† Today Red Bull is a powerful global brand and very few customers know the story of the highly talented, creative and determined salesman, publicity-shy Dietrich Mateschitz. Tiny Austria’s only billionaire, Mateschitz located his office in the quaint lakeside village of Fuschl, near Salzburg, Austria. His architect is currently building a new office building in the shape of two volcanoes. His collection of 16 airplanes is located in a steel and glass hangar, which serves as an aviation museum and the home of the Flying Bulls at Salzburg Airport. He tries to keep it down to working three days a week. He likes to keep things simple. The size of his headquarter staff is only 200. Mateschitz farms out the production and distribution of the 1.5 billion cans sold worldwide. The total number of employees worldwide is only 1,800, which brings the sales volume per employee close to a million dollars. Mateschitz not only generates brilliant sales and marketing ideas, he is equally talent ed in the execution of the biggest and boldest business ideas. His latest project involves a $1 billion motor sport and aviation theme park in Styria, Austria. Dietrich Mateschitz founded the Red Bull company. According to company legend, the idea for Red Bull came about as Mateschitz sat at a Hong Kong hotel bar in 1982... ...key to remaining market leader in the energy-drinks business. Last year, Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Anheuser-Busch, an American brewer, each launched an energy drink, attempting to get a slice of the market in which Red Bull currently has a 70-90% share. Mr Mateschitz is not worried. â€Å"The market isn't generic; it doesn't exist if we don't create it. It's a branded market,† he says. Keeping cool Mr Mateschitz now plans to spend two days a week coming up with wacky ideas to promote Red Bull. Already, the company sponsors an annual Flugtag, when contestants build their own flying-machines and leap off a parapet into water, true to the Red Bull slogan: â€Å"It gives you wings†. His latest project is to build a huge glass hangar at Salzburg airport to house his collection of ancient aircraft, including a DC-6 that once belonged to Marshal Tito, and to host airshows.  £Ã‚ £ That will change. â€Å"We have to go for diversification and acquisitions, and we are investing lots in R&D. We already have concepts and brand formulations for five years' time,† says Mr Mateschitz. But if Red Bull becomes a sort of Austrian Coca-Cola, that carefully cultivated ethos will vanish like bubbles in the brew.

Paul Thomas Anderson :: Essays Papers

Paul Thomas Anderson Paul Thomas Anderson is one of today’s most acclaimed and essential young filmmakers. He has swept the motion picture industry with a powerhouse trio of films that have breathed life and exuberance into an industry that is all too often ladened with films exhibiting massive deficiencies of originality and thought. PTA’s genuine love of filmmaking sets him apart from so many others. PTA tends to keep himself out of the spotlight. Rarely will he pose for magazine covers or photo shoots. Details involving future projects and his personal life are often kept shrouded in secrecy. Informational pieces regarding his personal life and family history are few and far between. I’ve researched his background and unearthed a few brief factoids that are consistent amongst many sources. Included is information obtained from Cigarettes and Coffee, PTA’s unofficial website, which he often praises and contributes to. Paul Thomas Anderson was born in Studio City, CA on January 1, 1970 to Bonnie and Ernie Anderson. His father was a well-known voice actor who can be recognized for his work on America’s Funniest Home Videos and The Love Boat. He also created a character, Ghoulardi, who was a popular B Movie/ horror film host in the sixties. Unfortunately, Paul suffered a devastating blow when his father passed away in 1997 at the age of 73. Incidentally, he has since named his production company after his late father’s famous character Ghoulardi. PTA also has two brothers and four sisters. He is reputed to be estranged from his mother. Academics never appealed to Paul. Being expelled from his elementary school for fighting and bad grades and his quick departure from Emerson College after two semesters demonstrated this. He also attended New York University Film School for two days before dropping out. PTA moved on to begin his career by working as a production assistant on various television movies and game shows. After performing similar work for numerous low budget and independent films, PTA went on to write and shoot a short film titled, Cigarettes and Coffee. This 24-minute excursion into the world of film shorts made it’s premier at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival. As a result of the buzz that Cigarettes and Coffee generated, he was afforded the opportunity to develop his first full-length motion picture, Hard Eight.

Privatization of Social Services Essay -- Public Policy Management

The Benefits of Privatization of Social Services Contracting out is the process through which public organizations contract with private sector organizations to provide services normally provided by public agencies. It is a form of privatization, which is defined as any shift of activity or functions from the state to the private sector, more specifically, the shift of production of goods or services from public to private. (Starr, 5) Privatization reduces the role of government and increases the role of private sector agencies. However, public agencies maintain ultimate control over the provision of services and they control government funding. In an effort to reduce costs, enhance efficiency or improve services, many states have started privatizing or contracting out many of their social service programs. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 greatly influenced agencies to explore contracting out as a means of delivering services. Privatization is not a new concept for social services, however, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act gives states more flexibility to administer TANF and other related services. (Yates, 1) The County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Social Services is one such organization that is seeking to provide effective, efficient services while meeting the mandates of welfare reform regulations. CalWORKS (California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids) GAIN Division (Greater Avenues for Independence) is responsible for providing Welfare-to-Work services to Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF) (formerly known as AFDC) recipients. Welfare reform time limits have made it necessary for the organization to becom... ...wn Author. "The Growing Cost of Contracting Out". Internet http://www.afge.org/SWAMP/factsheet2.htm Nelson, F. Howard. "Analyzing the Cost of Contracting Out". Internet http://www.aft.org/research/reports/private/contmanu.htm Nightingale, Demetra Smith and Pinus, Nancy. "Privatization of Public Social Services: A Background Paper". 1997. Internet http://www.urban.org/pubman/privatiz.html Starr, Paul. "The Meaning of Privatization". Internet http://www.princeton.edu/~starr/meaning.html United States Government Accounting Office. "Social Service Privatization". Internet GAO/HEHS-98-6, October 1997. Yates, Jessica. "Managing the Contracting Out Process for Results in Welfare Reform". Internet http://www.welfareinfo.org/contractissue.htm Yates, Jessica. "Privatization and Welfare Reform". Internet http://www.welfareinfo.org/jessica.htm.

Comparing Three Poems ‘Half-Caste’ Essay

Each of these three poems talk about certain problems faced by specific groups of people in today’s society. The poems have been written specifically to illustrate to people who have been brought up with derogative ideas about different types of people, that there are people who are different, but are neither superior nor inferior to themselves.  The main themes that run common in all 3 poems are the ideas of individualism, respect, culture and equality. The poem ‘Half-Caste’ by John Agard talks about the stereo typed judgement about half-caste people in society today. John Agard’s main argument in the poem is that being a half-caste person does not make you half a human being. He talks about how people make ‘assumptions’ about half-caste people.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦and when I’m introduced to yu I’m sure you’ll understand why I offer yu half-a-hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote suggests that non half-caste peoples attitudes towards half-caste people is that they are not human, and do not do everyday things the way they would do themselves. Agard exaggerates his ideas in order to make his argument a lot clearer.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"..an when moon begin to glow I half-caste human being cast half-a-shadow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is obvious that half-caste people do not caste shadows different to anyone else, but the emphasis on the ridiculousness of the mere idea of a different type of shadow makes the idea of half-caste people being ‘different’ just as ridiculous.  He explains quite cleverly how degrading the term half-caste can be by comparing half-caste people like himself to very worldly ideas that you would not title ‘half-caste’. â€Å"Yu mean when light an shadow mix in de sky is a half-caste weather†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His examples are all of things that people would associate with beauty, such as nature, art and music. His point being that if people call humans of two colours half-caste, then everything else with mixed colours must be aswel. People wouldn’t think twice about labeling a human half-caste, but when talking about nature or music and it would again be completely ridiculous to call Tchaikovsky’s composition a ‘half-caste symphony’. The poem itself also relays the message of individualism. It is written in phonetics to demonstrate his own personality with the language being English, but with his own Guyanan dialect. The readers are then forced to read the poem in a certain way, which enforces the message behind the poem.  Tom Leonard also uses this effective technique in his poem from ‘Unrelated Incidents’. This poem talks about status and social acceptance. Leonard talks about how people are reluctant to sit secure in the knowledge of a person with an accent, compared to someone who speaks with what is thought of ‘proper’, standard English in an English accent. He puts across the idea of how naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and narrow-minded people can be. â€Å"†¦if a tokaboot thi trooth lik wanna yoo scruff yi widny thingk it wuz troo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  He suggests that people would believe anything from the mouth of a ‘proper’ speaking person, no matter how insane it may be and totally dismiss what a person with an accent like his, is saying. Even if it was the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth so to speak. The way in which he has put this idea across is by using what is very commonly known to be quite English a typical example of where this sort of discrimination occurs. The news, where you will mainly hear the news read from a person who speaks with the ‘right’ accent. â€Å"This is thi six a clock news thi man said n thi reason a tok wia BBC accent iz coz yi widny wahnt mi ti talk aboot thi trooth wia voice lik wanna yoo scruff†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The poem is a parody of a typical British news broadcast, it is ironic the way in which Leonard has used his own dialect and spoken in the style of the commonly known news. It is obvious that Leonard is frustrated and angry at the fact that him and others alike would be looked down upon because of the way they talk. Similarly with John Agard we can see the resentment towards those people who treat half-caste people differently and Tom Leonard with the way society looks upon people with accents that differ from their own. However, Sujata Bhatt’s â€Å"Search For My Tongue† discusses society and culture from a different perspective. The problem she finds herself faced with is trying to make a correct balance with her own culture and heritage and the culture in which she lives in. She explains her fear of losing her ‘mother tongue’ and never being able to be totally accepted by the ‘foreign tongue’. Her concern with the mother tongue being lost is very explicit in the poem: â€Å"And if you lived in a place where toy had to speak a foreign tongue, you mother tongue would rot, rot and die in your mouth until you had to spit it out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She explains how hard it is to keep your mother tongue healthy in a place where there is no use for it, and eventually it would become useless and you would eventually forget it about it. She talks not just about language but her whole culture and how she was brought up, what she was brought up to believe and live by and how society and different cultures sometimes make you forget. However she gets across to the reader that somehow, sub-consciously while she dreams, she dreams in her own language and reminds herself of her language and that she is still who she has always been and always will be.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"modhama pakay chay†¦ it blossoms out of my mouth.† The tongue is described to blossom out her mouth jus as she thinks she has forgotten it. This imagery of blossoming is beautiful and emphasises how important it is to be who you are because it is beautiful from whatever background and culture you belong to.

Don Juan: Lord Byron †Summary and Critical Analysis Essay

Don Juan is a vast creation and it is not always interesting; there are many dull stanzas in which Byron says nothing interesting. But despite some weaknesses in structure, characterization, and philosophy of life, Don Juan is an ‘epic carnival’. It has scope, variety of human experience, common sense, much matter for laughter, clever and witty observation, ease and fluency; that is why Walter Scott said the â€Å"it has the variety of Shakespeare†. Don Juan was intended as a satire on abuses of the ‘present states of society.’ It is a quietly mocking satire on everything, and a serious satire on the hypocrisies of high society, the false glory associated with war, man’s pursuit of fame, the little devices by which people try to deceive themselves, the human penchant for rationalization, It ridicules things in a unique tongue-in cheek manner that strikes, without seeming to, everything on its way. In general, the style, of Don Juan is the easy conversational or epistolary style. See more: how to write a good critical analysis essay Byron has written this poem in the Italian ottava rima, or eight-line stanza, the poetic form favoured by the Italian satirical writers of mock-heroic romances. The rhyme scheme of ‘ottava rima’ is abababcc. But Byron used a lot of a new comic rhyme, forcing slant and unusual rhymes to hint at the incongruity and satires beneath. He has also used the concluding couplet to round off the whole stanza by giving a sudden twist or commentary on the preceding lines themselves. The witticism and the anti-climax, or a swift fall from the lofty-sounding idea to the low, that surprises the reader are also other features in Don Juan. The style of Don Juan is the antithesis of the grand style. It has the easy going laxity of ordinary conversation. In fact, Don Juan has not one style but a â€Å"multiplicity of styles† or tones, the â€Å"medley† style: grave, gay, serious, ludicrous, sentimental, laughing, ironic cynical, urbanely, naughty, wittily outrageous, unexpect edly twisting familiar figures of speech and infusing them with fresh vitality, and accomplishing all these along with the most ingenious poetic devices of rhythm and rhyme imaginable. It stands in debt to the Italian comic-epic poets for its ottava rima verse form, its manner and mood, deliberate lack of coherent construction, length determined by the will of whimsy of the poet, variety of incidents and digressions, and for the startling alternations of mood and pervasive modernity of spirit. The rapid movement from romantic seriousness to burlesque suggests a Chaucerian quality, the same movement between romance and burlesque, chivalry and bawdry, ideal and real. Perhaps the most conspicuous characteristic of the Junoesque style is the conversational and colloquial tone. What the poem most frequently attacks, in love religion, and social relations, are very considerable vices-sham, hypocrisy, complacency, oppression, greed, and lust. Furthermore, the satire constantly though silently assumes as more all positives the qualities of courage, loyalty, generosity and above all, total candor, it merely implies that these virtues are excessively rare, and that the moder n world is not constituted to reward to encourage, or even to recognize them when they make their appearance. The ‘society’ and ‘civilization’ represented by Don Juan’s mother, Julia and their community is the most important object of satire in Canto I. They believe in the ‘morality’ of exhibition; if they appear moral. It doesn’t matter what they do! They suppress in all possible ways the natural impulses of the ‘natural’ child or man. This issue brings us to another crucial thematic concern of Don Juan: Juan’s mother, like a typical ‘civilized’ person tires (though hypocritically and unsuccessfully) to thwart all the natural desires of the child while she tries to teach him all the dead languages, religious sermons that he can’t understand, the art of war to the child (riding, fencing, gunnery and how to climb a fortress – or a nunnery), expurgated classics (which posed problem with filthy loves of the gods and goddesses who roamed in public without proper bodices), and the likes. But one should note that his mother used to read all the filthy stories herself. But a few stanzas later we find that his mother doesn’t care when Juan begins to have immoral relations with her neighbor Julia, because she was angry with Julia’s old husband who had rejected her love in her youth. Where then does a good education go (beyond a hypocritical theory) in this scheme of things in a ‘civilized’ society? Don Juan’s mother is afraid to see him grow up into an adolescent! This tells us how our societies reject the natural processes of life and the realities of natural impulses, and seeming to be better than the nature itself, destroy all potential good in man.